PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS OF RESILIENCE OF YOUNG SCHOOLCHILDREN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34142/23129387.2026.75.23Keywords:
resilience, academic self-regulation, self-regulation of educational activities, children, war (armed conflict), stressAbstract
The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop a modern psychodiagnostic tool for studying the level of resilience in children and adolescents. The Child & Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) adapted in this article is one of the most popular methods for diagnosing resilience. The authors of the original method proved its high psychometric properties in Canada on a sample of adolescents aged 11-19 years. The presented study shows the reliability and validity of the Ukrainian-language version of the CYRM method. Its convergent and divergent validity, test-retest reliability were determined.
The Aim of the study is to adapt the Ukrainian-language method for studying the resilience of younger schoolchildren.
Procedure. The original method “Child & Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R)” (Jefferies, McGarrigle, & Ungar, 2018) was translated from English into Ukrainian. Expert evaluation of the translation by psychologists made it possible to conduct a survey among younger schoolchildren aged 6-11, evenly represented by gender and age. All representatives of the psychometric sample (n=203 people) were children living throughout the military conflict in Ukraine (Kharkiv and Sumy regions).
Results and conclusions. The adapted method "Child & Youth Resilience Measure-Revised (CYRM-R)" - The resilience scale for younger schoolchildren contains 17 statements, which are assessed on a 3-point scale. The psychometric indicators of the method meet the requirements for psychodiagnostic questionnaires. High single-point reliability of statements, high test-retest reliability and convergent validity were revealed.
It was determined that the resilience of younger schoolchildren is positively associated with intrinsic and identified regulation of learning, as well as with the abilities to plan, model, program educational activities, as well as flexibility in the regulation of learning, independence and responsibility in the performance of students' educational tasks.
Downloads
References
Міщенко М.С. (2023). ПСИХОЛОГІЧНА СТІЙКІСТЬ (РЕЗИЛЬЄНТНІСТЬ) В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ. DOI: 10.30890/2567-5273.2023-28-02-002
Фоменко К.І. (2018). Психологія губристичної мотивації. Монографія.
Чиханцова О. А.(2025). Резильєнтність як особистісний ресурс українців в умовах воєнного стану. Журнал сучасної психології № 2 (37) DOI https://doi.org/10.26661/2786-7471/2025-2-16
Jefferies, P., McGarrigle, L., & Ungar, M. (2018). The CYRM-R: a Rasch-validated revision of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2018.1548403
Betancourt T. S., Borisova I. I., Williams T. P., Brennan R. T., Whitfield T. H., de la Soudiere M., et al. (2010). Sierra Leone’s former child soldiers: a follow-up study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration. Child Dev. 81, 1077–1095. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01455.x,
Betancourt T. S., Khan K. T. (2008). The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: protective processes and pathways to resilience. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 20, 317–328. doi: 10.1080/09540260802090363,
Betancourt T. S., Meyers-Ohki S. E., Charrow A., Hansen N. (2013). Annual research review: mental health and resilience in HIV/AIDS-affected children—a review of the literature and recommendations for future research. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 54, 423–444. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02613.x,
Chaaya C., Thambi V. D., Sabuncu Ö., Abedi R., Osman A. O. A., Uwishema O., et al. (2022). Ukraine – Russia crisis and its impacts on the mental health of Ukrainian young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann. Med. Surg. 79:104033. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104033,
Chudzicka-Czupała A., Hapon N., Man R. H. C., Li D.-J., Żywiołek-Szeja M., Karamushka L., et al. (2023). Associations between coping strategies and psychological distress among people living in Ukraine, Poland, and Taiwan during the initial stage of the 2022 war in Ukraine. Eur. J. Psychotraumatol. 14:2163129. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2163129,
De Nutte L., Okello J., Derluyn I. (2017). Social relationships and social support among post-war youth in northern Uganda. Int. J. Psychol. J. Int. Psychol. 52, 291–299. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12221,
Dimitry L. (2012). A systematic review on the mental health of children and adolescents in areas of armed conflict in the Middle East. Child Care Health Dev. 38, 153–161. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01246.x, PMID: [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Fergus S., Zimmerman M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: a framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annu. Rev. Public Health 26, 399–419. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357,
Giordano F., Caravita S., Jefferies P. (2020). Social-ecological resilience moderates the effectiveness of avoidant coping in children exposed to adversity. An exploratory study in Lithuania. Front. Psychol. 11:536353. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.536353,
Giordano F., Ferrari C. (2018). Processi di resilienza in minori vittime di violenza: un progetto di intervento con adolescenti in Lituania. Maltrattamento E Abuso All’infanzia. 20, 105–116. doi: 10.3280/MAL2018-002007
Giordano F., Ragnoli F., Brajda B. F. (2019b). Data on resilience and trauma-related symptoms in Lithuanian children victims of violence. Data Brief, 23, April 23:103791. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103791,
Giordano F., Ragnoli F., Brajda B. F., Boerchi D. (2019a). Testing assisted resilience approach therapy (ARAT) with children victims of violence. Child Youth Serv. Rev. 96, 286–293. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.11.050
Hall B. J., Tol W. A., Jordans M. J., Bass J., de Jong J. T. (2014). Understanding resilience in armed conflict: social resources and mental health of children in Burundi. Soc. Sci. Med. 114, 121–128. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.042
Hepburn A. (2006). “Running scared: when children become separated in emergencies” in A world turned upside down: Social ecological approaches to children in war zones (Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian; ), 63–88.
Hodes M. (2023). Thinking about young refugees’ mental health following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Clin. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 28, 3–14. doi: 10.1177/13591045221125639,
Layne C. M., Saltzman W. R., Poppleton L., Burlingame G. M., Pasalić A., Duraković E., et al. (2008). Effectiveness of a school-based group psychotherapy program for war-exposed adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 47, 1048–1062. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31817eecae,
Leys C., Arnal C., Wollast R., Rolin H., Kotsou I., Fossion P. (2020). Perspectives on resilience: personality trait or skill? Eur. J. Trauma Dissociat. 4:100074. doi: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2018.07.002
Loughry M., Ager A., Flouri E., Khamis V., Afana A. H., Qouta S. (2006). The impact of structured activities among Palestinian children in a time of conflict. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 47, 1211–1218. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01656.x,
Machel G. (2000). The impact of armed conflict on children: A critical review of progress made and obstacles encountered in increasing protection for war-affected children. International Conference on War-affected Children. Winnipeg, Canada.
Masten A. S. (2018). Resilience theory and research on children and families: past, present, and promise. J. Fam. Theory Rev. 10, 12–31. doi: 10.1111/jftr.12255
Masten A. S. (2021). “Resilience in developmental systems: principles, pathways, and protective processes in research and practice” in Multisystemic resilience: Adaptation and transformation in contexts of change (New York, NY: Oxford University Press; ), 113–134. [Google Scholar]
Masten A. S., Barnes A. J. (2018). Resilience in children: developmental perspectives. Children 5:98. doi: 10.3390/children5070098,
Masten A. S., Narayan A. J. (2012). Child development in the context of disaster, war, and terrorism: pathways of risk and resilience. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 63, 227–257. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100356,
Meng X., Fleury M.-J., Xiang Y.-T., Li M., D’Arcy C. (2018). Resilience and protective factors among people with a history of child maltreatment: a systematic review. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 53, 453–475. doi: 10.1007/s00127-018-1485-2,
Newnham E. A., Pearson R. M., Stein A., Betancourt T. S. (2015). Youth mental health after civil war: the importance of daily stressors. Br. J. Psychiatry 206, 116–121. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146324,
Nuttman-Shwartz O. (2015). Shared resilience in a traumatic reality: a new concept for trauma workers exposed personally and professionally to collective disaster. Trauma Violence Abuse 16, 466–475. doi: 10.1177/1524838014557287,
Nyarko F., Punamäki R.-L. (2021). The content and meaning of war experiences: a qualitative study of trauma and resilience among Liberian young refugees in Ghana. Transcult. Psychiatry 58, 254–267. doi: 10.1177/1363461520901636,
Osokina O., Silwal S., Bohdanova T., Hodes M., Sourander A., Skokauskas N. (2023). Impact of the Russian invasion on mental health of adolescents in Ukraine. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 62, 335–343. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.845,
Rutter M. (2006). “The promotion of resilience in the face of adversity” in Families count: Effects on child and adolescent development. The Jacobs Foundation series on adolescence (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; ), 26–52.
Saakvitne K. W. (2002). Shared trauma: the therapist’s increased vulnerability. Psychoanal. Dialog. 12, 443–449. doi: 10.1080/10481881209348678
Sanders J., Munford R., Liebenberg L. (2017). Positive youth development practices and better outcomes for high risk youth. Child Abuse Negl. 69, 201–212. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.029,
Tosone C., Lee M., Bialkin L., Martinez A., Campbell M., Martinez M. M., et al. (2003). Shared trauma: group reflections on the September 11th disaster. Psychoanal. Soc. Work. 10, 57–77. doi: 10.1300/J032v10n01_06
Ungar M. (2011). The social ecology of resilience: addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 81, 1–17. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01067.x,
Ungar M. (2021). Multisystemic resilience: Adaptation and transformation in contexts of change. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Ungar M., Brown M., Liebenberg L., Othman R., Kwong W. M., Armstrong M., et al. (2007). Unique pathways to resilience across cultures. Adolescence 42, 287–310.
Werner E. E. (2012). Children and war: risk, resilience, and recovery. Dev. Psychopathol. 24, 553–558. doi: 10.1017/S0954579412000156,
Zimmerman M. A. (2013). Resiliency theory: a strengths-based approach to research and practice for adolescent health. Health Educ. Behav. 40, 381–383. doi: 10.1177/1090198113493782,
Zuilkowski S. S., Betancourt T. S. (2014). School persistence in the wake of war: wartime experiences, reintegration supports, and dropout in Sierra Leone. Comp. Educ. Rev. 58, 457–481. doi: 10.1086/675905
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
