ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH WORK IN AN EDUCATIONAL PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT

Abstract

The article substantiates the relevance of using modern measurement technologies in educational physics experiments as an effective means of developing research skills in secondary school students and higher education applicants. It is shown that the digitalization of education, along with the availability of low-cost sensors and microcontrollers (in particular, 1-Wire devices), enables the creation of affordable laboratory complexes even under martial law, when traditional laboratory equipment is often unavailable. The authors analyze global experience in modernizing physics practical work (studies by A. Petrytsia, the international team of Ochirbat, and M. K. Gundawar’s research on using smartphones) as well as their own developments at the Department of Physics and Chemistry of H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University — the automated computer complex “Experimentator” and the SchoolKit software and hardware complex based on 1-Wire technology, which are successfully used in the educational process.As a case study, classical demonstration experiments in electrostatics (electrification of ebonite and glass) are considered. Using a voltage sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, and a personal computer, the signs of the charges of electrified rods are experimentally determined, and the dependence of the pulse amplitude of the voltage drop on the speed of charge movement relative to the capacitor plate is analyzed. It is proved that the direction of motion does not affect the nature of the voltage change, while the polarity of the signal reverses when the charge sign changes. The theoretical explanation of the obtained results is based on the method of images. The obtained results allow educators to involve students in basic-level research work, develop critical thinking, experimental skills, and a deeper understanding of physical processes.